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Luxor Temple
Luxor Temple is a large Ancient Egyptian temple complex located on the east bank of the Nile River in the city today known as Luxor (ancient Thebes) and was founded in 1400 BCE. Known in the Egyptian language as ''ipet resyt'', or "the southern sanctuary". In Luxor there are several great temples on the east and west banks. Four of the major mortuary temples visited by early travelers and tourists include the Temple of Seti I at Gurnah, Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el Bahri, the Temple of Ramesses II (a.k.a Ramesseum), and the Temple Ramesses III at Medinet Habu; and the two primary cults temples on the east bank are known as the Karnak and Luxor.〔Science, "Excavation of the Temple of Luxor," Science, 6, no. 6 (1885): 370.〕 Unlike the other temples in Thebes, Luxor temple is not dedicated to a cult god or a deified version of the king in death. Instead Luxor temple is dedicated to the rejuvenation of kingship; it may have been where many of the kings of Egypt were crowned in reality or conceptually (as in the case of Alexander the Great who claimed he was crowned at Luxor but may never have traveled south of Memphis, near modern Cairo.)
To the rear of the temple are chapels built by Amenhotep III, and Alexander. Other parts of the temple were built by Tutankhamun and Ramesses II. During the Roman era, the temple and its surroundings were a legionary fortress and the home of the Roman government in the area. It is located in Egypt.
==Construction==
The Luxor temple was built with sandstone from the Gebel el-Silsila area, which is located in south-western Egypt.〔Bernd Fitzner, Kurt Heinrichs, and Dennis La Bouchardiere, "Weathering damage on Pharaonic sandstone monuments in Luxor-Egypt," Building and Environment, 38 (2003): 1089.〕 This sandstone from the Gebel el-Silsila region is referred to as Nubian Sandstone.〔 This sandstone was used for the construction for monuments in Upper Egypt as well as in the course of past and current restoration works.〔
Like other Egyptian structures a common technique used was symbolism, or illusionism.〔Alexander Badawy, "Illusionism in Egyptian Architecture," Studies in the Ancient Oriental Civilization, 35 (1969): 23.〕 For example, to the Egyptian, a sanctuary shaped like an Anubis Jackal was really Anubis.〔 At the Luxor temple, the two obelisks (the smaller one closer to the west is now in the Place de la Concorde in Paris) flanking the entrance were not the same height, but they created the illusion that they were.〔 With the layout of the temple they appear to be of equal height, but using illusionism, it enhances the relative distances hence making them look the same size to the wall behind it. Symbolically, it is a visual and spacial effect to emphasize the heights and distance from the wall, enhancing the already existing pathway.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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